اَرَابيسي اَفْريكَانْسْ Arabic Afrikaans

 

Can you write Afrikaans in Arabic or Jawi?

Arabic Afrikaans, or Afrikaans written using the Arabic alphabet, is generally accepted as the first written form of Afrikaans. Many Arabic Afrikaans writings – such as student notebooks, voting posters, publications and manuscripts – have been preserved; thus far, 74 of these works written between 1845 and 1957 have been discovered and identified by experts. Among these are excellent examples of the earliest Afrikaans literature. In addition, many more Arabic-Afrikaans writings are privately owned, which the ATM is happy to digitise for future generations.

According to Michael Jonas, director of the ATM, the aim of these Arabic Afrikaans workshops and competitions is to make a modern contribution to this writing tradition. “Our mission, after all, is to also highlight the lesser-known histories of Afrikaans and to celebrate the rich diversity of Afrikaans’s development as well as its modern forms. That is why we want to encourage people to reaffirm their participation in this language in this way,” he says. “In the Taalmuseum in Paarl we give a lot of recognition to Abu Bakr Effendi, who played a prominent role in the development of Arabic Afrikaans and thereby also Afrikaans in the 1800s in the Bo-Kaap. We would like to see the Afrikaans community build on this.”

 

  • Source
  • From Muslim Afrikaans comes “toelies”, for Arabic script and letters, and also as a verb for ‘to write’: The first textbook in Afrikaans was a kitaab getoelies in Arabic. From the Indonesian word ‘tulis’ – ‘to write’.

by M Alexander

The Afrikaans Language Museum and Monument’s Arabic-Afrikaans competition 2022 and workshop received a lot of media attention. See the article and interviews below, in Afrikaans and English.

VOC

The Afrikaans Language Museum and Monument’s Arabic-Afrikaans competition 2022 and workshop received a lot of media attention. See the article and interviews below, in Afrikaans and English.

VOC

The colouring book, FATIMA, is aimed at cultural, language, and visual literacy. It is available not only in Afrikaans, Arabic, isiXhosa and English, but also in braille versions of all languages, even Arabic, which is quite unique, as well as a complete video version in sign language.

ARABIC ALPHABET (30 letters)

 

Character

Name

Final

Medial

Initial

Isolated

Sound represented

Roman equivalent

ا‎

alif

ـا‎

ا‎

/a/ or /ə/

a, e pepet (ĕ)

ب‎

ba

ـب‎

ـبـ‎

بـ‎

ب‎

/b/

b

ت‎

ta

ـت‎

ـتـ‎

تـ‎

ت‎

/t/

t

ث‎

sa

ـث‎

ـثـ‎

ثـ‎

ث‎

/θ/ or /s/

s

ج‎

jim

ـج‎

ـجـ‎

جـ‎

ج‎

/d͡ʒ/

j

ح‎

ha (kecil/pedas)

ـح‎

ـحـ‎

حـ‎

ح‎

/ħ/ or /h/

h

خ‎

kha

ـخ‎

ـخـ‎

خـ‎

خ‎

/x/

kh

د‎

dal

ـد‎

د‎

/d/

d

ذ‎

zal

ـذ‎

ذ‎

/ð/ or /z/

z

ر‎

ra

ـر‎

ر‎

/r/

r

ز‎

zai

ـز‎

ز‎

/z/

z

س‎

sin

ـس‎

ـسـ‎

سـ‎

س‎

/s/

s

ش‎

syin

ـش‎

ـشـ‎

شـ‎

ش‎

/ʃ/

sy

ص‎

sad

ـص‎

ـصـ‎

صـ‎

ص‎

/s/

s

ض‎

dad

ـض‎

ـضـ‎

ضـ‎

ض‎

/d/

d

ط‎

to

ـط‎

ـطـ‎

طـ‎

ط‎

/t/

t

ظ‎

zo

ـظ‎

ـظـ‎

ظـ‎

ظ‎

/z/

z

ع‎

ain

ـع‎

ـعـ‎

عـ‎

ع‎

/ʔ/

a, i, u and -k

غ‎

ghain

ـغ‎

ـغـ‎

غـ‎

غ‎

/ɣ/

gh

ف‎

fa

ـف‎

ـفـ‎

فـ‎

ف‎

/f/

f

ق‎

qaf

ـق‎

ـقـ‎

قـ‎

ق‎

/ʔ/ and /q/

q and -k

ک‎

kaf

ـک‎

ـکـ‎

کـ‎

ک‎

/k/

k

ل‎

lam

ـل‎

ـلـ‎

لـ‎

ل‎

/l/

l

م‎

mim

ـم‎

ـمـ‎

مـ‎

م‎

/m/

m

ن‎

nun

ـن‎

ـنـ‎

نـ‎

ن‎

/n/

n

و‎

wau

ـو‎

و‎

/w/ and /u, o, ɔ/

w and u, o

ه‎

ha (besar/simpul)

ـه‎

ـهـ‎

هـ‎

ه‎

/h/

h

ء‎

hamzah

ء‎

ء‎

/ʔ/

a

ال

lam alif

ال

ال

ال

ال

/l/

l

ي‎

ya

ـي‎

ـيـ‎

يـ‎

ي‎

/j/ and /i, e, ɛ/

y and i, e taling (é)

JAWI ALPHABET (37 letters)

 

Character Name Final Medial Initial Isolated Sound represented Roman equivalent
ا‎ alif ـا‎ ا‎ /a/ or /ə/ a, e pepet (ĕ)
ب‎ ba ـب‎ ـبـ‎ بـ‎ ب‎ /b/ b
ت‎ ta ـت‎ ـتـ‎ تـ‎ ت‎ /t/ t
ث‎ sa ـث‎ ـثـ‎ ثـ‎ ث‎ /θ/ or /s/ s
ج‎ jim ـج‎ ـجـ‎ جـ‎ ج‎ /d͡ʒ/ j
چ‎ ca ـچ‎ ـچـ‎ چـ‎ چ‎ /t͡ʃ/ c
ح‎ ha (kecil/pedas) ـح‎ ـحـ‎ حـ‎ ح‎ /ħ/ or /h/ h
خ‎ kha ـخ‎ ـخـ‎ خـ‎ خ‎ /x/ kh
د‎ dal ـد‎ د‎ /d/ d
ذ‎ zal ـذ‎ ذ‎ /ð/ or /z/ z
ر‎ ra ـر‎ ر‎ /r/ r
ز‎ zai ـز‎ ز‎ /z/ z
س‎ sin ـس‎ ـسـ‎ سـ‎ س‎ /s/ s
ش‎ syin ـش‎ ـشـ‎ شـ‎ ش‎ /ʃ/ sy
ص‎ sad ـص‎ ـصـ‎ صـ‎ ص‎ /s/ s
ض‎ dad ـض‎ ـضـ‎ ضـ‎ ض‎ /d/ d
ط‎ to ـط‎ ـطـ‎ طـ‎ ط‎ /t/ t
ظ‎ zo ـظ‎ ـظـ‎ ظـ‎ ظ‎ /z/ z
ع‎ ain ـع‎ ـعـ‎ عـ‎ ع‎ /ʔ/ a, i, u and -k
غ‎ ghain ـغ‎ ـغـ‎ غـ‎ غ‎ /ɣ/ gh
ڠ‎ nga ـڠ‎ ـڠـ‎ ڠـ‎ ڠ‎ /ŋ/ ng
ف‎ fa ـف‎ ـفـ‎ فـ‎ ف‎ /f/ f
ڤ‎ pa ـڤ‎ ـڤـ‎ ڤـ‎ ڤ‎ /p/ p
ق‎ qaf ـق‎ ـقـ‎ قـ‎ ق‎ /ʔ/ and /q/ q and -k
ک‎ kaf ـک‎ ـکـ‎ کـ‎ ک‎ /k/ k
ݢ‎ ga ـݢ‎ ـݢـ‎ ڬـ‎ ݢ‎ /ɡ/ g
ل‎ lam ـل‎ ـلـ‎ لـ‎ ل‎ /l/ l
م‎ mim ـم‎ ـمـ‎ مـ‎ م‎ /m/ m
ن‎ nun ـن‎ ـنـ‎ نـ‎ ن‎ /n/ n
و‎ wau ـو‎ و‎ /w/ and /u, o, ɔ/ w and u, o
ۏ‎ va ـۏ‎ ۏ‎ /v/ v
ه‎ ha (besar/simpul) ـه‎ ـهـ‎ هـ‎ ه‎ /h/ h
ة‎ ta marbutah ـة‎ ة‎ /t/ or /h/ -t or -h
ء‎ hamzah ء‎ ء‎ /ʔ/ a
ي‎ ya ـي‎ ـيـ‎ يـ‎ ي‎ /j/ and /i, e, ɛ/ y and i, e taling (é)
ڽ‎ nya ـڽ‎ ـڽـ‎ ڽـ‎ ڽ‎ /ɲ/ ny
ى‎ ye / alif maqsurah ـى‎ ى‎ /ə, a/ e pepet (ĕ), a